Valuing Employee Stock Options by Johnathan Mun
A comprehensive guide to understanding the implications and applications of valuing employee stock options in light of the new FAS 123 requirements
Due to the new requirements of the Proposed Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (FAS 123) released by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB)-namely the fact that employee services received in exchange for equity instruments be recognized in financial statements-companies are now scrambling to learn how to value and expense employee stock options (ESOs). Based on author Dr. Johnathan Mun’s consulting and advisory work with the FASB consulting projects with several Fortune 500 firms, Valuing Employee Stock Options provides readers with a comprehensive look at this complex issue.
Filled with valuable information on binomial lattice and closed-form modeling techniques, Valuing Employee Stock Options can help financial professionals make informed decisions when attempting to ascertain the fair-market value of ESOs under the new requirements.
Johnathan Mun, PhD, MBA, MS, CFC, FRM (San Francisco, CA), is Vice President of Analytical Services at Decisioneering, Inc., the makers of Crystal Ball analytical software. He is also the author of Applied Risk Analysis (0-471-47885-7), Real Options Analysis (0-471-25696-X), and Real Options Analysis Course (0-471-43001-3), all of which are published by Wiley.
Learn about Option (finance):
In finance, an option is a contract which gives the buyer (the owner or holder of the option) the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset or instrument at a specified strike price prior to or on a specified date, depending on the form of the option. The strike price may be set by reference to the spot price (market price) of the underlying security or commodity on the day an option is taken out, or it may be fixed at a discount or at a premium. The seller has the corresponding obligation to fulfill the transaction – to sell or buy – if the buyer (owner) “exercises” the option. An option that conveys to the owner the right to buy at a specific price is referred to as a call; an option that conveys the right of the owner to sell at a specific price is referred to as a put. Both are commonly traded, but the call option is more frequently discussed.
The seller may grant an option to a buyer as part of another transaction, such as a share issue or as part of an employee incentive scheme, otherwise a buyer would pay a premium to the seller for the option. A call option would normally be exercised only when the strike price is below the market value of the underlying asset, while a put option would normally be exercised only when the strike price is above the market value. When an option is exercised, the cost to the buyer of the asset acquired is the strike price plus the premium, if any. When the option expiration date passes without the option being exercised, the option expires and the buyer would forfeit the premium to the seller. In any case, the premium is income to the seller, and normally a capital loss to the buyer.
The owner of an option may on-sell the option to a third party in a secondary market, in either an over-the-counter transaction or on an options exchange, depending on the option. The market price of an American-style option normally closely follows that of the underlying stock being the difference between the market price of the stock and the strike price of the option. The actual market price of the option may vary depending on a number of factors, such as a significant option holder may need to sell the option as the expiry date is approaching and does not have the financial resources to exercise the option, or a buyer in the market is trying to amass a large option holding. The ownership of an option does not generally entitle the holder to any rights associated with the underlying asset, such as voting rights or any income from the underlying asset, such as a dividend.
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- Skill level All levels
- Students 188
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